Archive for oncology
A new cancer mechanism: Failed cellular housekeeping
Cancer can stem from mutations in many different genes. New research from Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute pinpoints a gene that, when mutated, causes cancer through a mechanism not before seen: Inability of cells to dispose of their trash, namely defective strands of RNA. This mechanism appears to cut across many different malignancies, ... Read More about A new cancer mechanism: Failed cellular housekeeping
Genomic ‘fingerprinting’ yields better treatments for pediatric solid cancers
Genomic profiling is increasingly used for solid tumors in adults and for pediatric brain tumors and blood cancers, allowing treatments to be matched to patients’ mutations. But for children with solid tumors, genomic fingerprinting has been elusive, because these cancers are so varied and individually so rare. Therapies therefore remain non-specific: chemotherapy, surgery, and/or radiation. ... Read More about Genomic ‘fingerprinting’ yields better treatments for pediatric solid cancers
Exploiting a vulnerability in an aggressive leukemia
Survival has improved greatly in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). But a certain form of ALL that occurs mostly in babies is still very lethal, with a survival rate below 50 percent: B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with rearrangements of the mixed lineage leukemia gene, or MLL B-ALL. “Something about the biology of this type ... Read More about Exploiting a vulnerability in an aggressive leukemia
Tagged: acute lymphoblastic leukemia, cancer, leukemia, oncology, stem cells
Sickle cell disease, gene therapy, and blood cancers: Mysteries remain
Gene therapy trials for sickle cell disease have been showing great promise, even offering hope of a cure. But in early 2021, the trials ground to a halt after reports of blood malignancies in two people in a trial sponsored by bluebird bio. Investigations later concluded that the gene therapy delivery vectors were likely not ... Read More about Sickle cell disease, gene therapy, and blood cancers: Mysteries remain
Tagged: blood disorder, cancer, gene therapy, hematology, leukemia, oncology, sickle cell disease
Generations of excellence in caring for childhood bone cancers: Dr. Gebhardt and Dr. Anderson
When Dr. Mark Gebhardt was a surgical resident at Boston Children’s Hospital in the early ’80s, doctors were just starting to use chemotherapy to treat bone cancers like osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma. Boston Children’s and the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute were among the first places to offer this treatment. They were also among the first to ... Read More about Generations of excellence in caring for childhood bone cancers: Dr. Gebhardt and Dr. Anderson
Tagged: bone tumors, cancer, ewing sarcoma, oncology, orthopedics, osteosarcoma
Pleuropulmonary blastoma: Caring for Cal
Each time the UPS truck makes its way up Becky Baker’s driveway in Lyons, New York, her 3-year-old grandson, Cal, is certain there’s a package for him. Today, the delivery is in fact for Cal — but not exactly the drivable mini Jeep he was hoping for. “Those are your diapers, buddy,” his grandmother says, ... Read More about Pleuropulmonary blastoma: Caring for Cal
Tagged: cancer, oncology, pulmonology, rare disease, surgery
After a long journey and a father’s gift, surviving Wilms tumor
Eleanor (Nora) Franks was a happy, healthy toddler who loved playing with her twin brother Evan. But soon after she turned 3, she began having problems with her digestion. Eventually, her local hospital found a large mass in her kidney and diagnosed her with Wilms tumor, a rare kidney cancer. “She had to go almost ... Read More about After a long journey and a father’s gift, surviving Wilms tumor
Tagged: cancer, kidney failure, nephrology, oncology, transplant
Newborn genetic screening for pediatric cancer risk could save lives
Numerous genetic mutations increase children’s risk for various cancers. When they are detected early, cancers can potentially be caught at an early, more treatable stage — or avoided entirely. Could adding such “cancer predisposition” genes to routine newborn “heel-stick” screening save lives? Lisa Diller, MD, chief medical officer at the Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood ... Read More about Newborn genetic screening for pediatric cancer risk could save lives
Tagged: cancer, genetics and genomics, newborn medicine, oncology, policy, research
Monitoring for breast cancer after childhood chest radiation: When and how?
Chest radiation is used to treat children with Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma as well as lung metastases in various solid tumors. But radiation itself is a potential cancer risk. That includes an increased risk for breast cancer later in life. Girls receiving chest radiation for childhood cancer face a breast cancer risk as high as ... Read More about Monitoring for breast cancer after childhood chest radiation: When and how?
Tagged: cancer, imaging, oncology, primary care, research
Guidance for assessing treatment response in pediatric brain tumors
Assessing patients’ response to cancer therapy can be challenging, especially in neuro-oncology. Generally, we assess treatment response by a change in tumor size on MRI scan. However, with brain tumors, changes on MRI scan can be difficult to interpret. A decrease in tumor size may indicate treatment is having an effect; however, a drug can ... Read More about Guidance for assessing treatment response in pediatric brain tumors
Tagged: brain tumor, cancer, dipg, glioma, imaging, neurosurgery, oncology